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# Solver

Opens the Solver dialog. A solver allows you to solve mathematical problems with multiple unknown variables and a set of constraints on the variables by goal-seeking methods.

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Choose Tools - Solver.

## Solver settings

### Target Cell

Enter or click the cell reference of the target cell. This field takes the address of the cell whose value is to be optimized.

### Optimize results to

- Maximum: Try to solve the equation for a maximum value of the target cell.

- Minimum: Try to solve the equation for a minimum value of the target cell.

- Value of: Try to solve the equation to approach a given value of the target cell.

  Enter the value or a cell reference in the text field.

### By Changing Cells

Enter the cell range that can be changed. These are the variables of the equations.

### Limiting Conditions

Add the set of constraints for the mathematical problem. Each constraint is represented by a cell reference (a variable), an operator, and a value.

- Cell reference: Enter a cell reference of the variable.

  Click the Shrink button to shrink or restore the dialog. You can click or select cells in the sheet. You can enter a cell reference manually in the input box.

- Operator: Select an operator from the list. Use Binary operator to restrict your variable to 0 or 1. Use the Integer operator to restrict your variable to take only integer values (no decimal part).

- Value: Enter a value or a cell reference. This field is ignored when the operator is Binary or Integer.

- Remove button: Click to remove the row from the list. Any rows from below this row move up.

You can set multiple conditions for a variable. For example, a variable in cell A1 that must be an integer less than 10. In that case, set two limiting conditions for A1.

### Options

Opens the Solver Options dialog.

The Solver Options dialog let you select the different solver algorithms for either linear and non-linear problems and set their solving parameters.

### Solve

Click to solve the problem with the current settings. The dialog settings are retained until you close the current document.

## To solve equations with the solver

The goal of the solver process is to find those variable values of an equation that result in an optimized value in the target cell, also named the "objective". You can choose whether the value in the target cell should be a maximum, a minimum, or approaching a given value.

The initial variable values are inserted in a rectangular cell range that you enter in the By changing cells box.

You can define a series of limiting conditions that set constraints for some cells. For example, you can set the constraint that one of the variables or cells must not be bigger than another variable, or not bigger than a given value. You can also define the constraint that one or more variables must be integers (values without decimals), or binary values (where only 0 and 1 are allowed).

## Using Non-Linear solvers

Regardless whether you use DEPS or SCO, you start by going to Tools - Solver and set the Cell to be optimized, the direction to go (minimization, maximization) and the cells to be modified to reach the goal. Then you go to the Options and specify the solver to be used and if necessary adjust the according parameters.

There is also a list of constraints you can use to restrict the possible range of solutions or to penalize certain conditions. However, in case of the evolutionary solvers DEPS and SCO, these constraints are also used to specify bounds on the variables of the problem. Due to the random nature of the algorithms, it is highly recommended to do so and give upper (and in case "Assume Non-Negative Variables" is turned off also lower) bounds for all variables. They don't have to be near the actual solution (which is probably unknown) but should give a rough indication of the expected size (0 ≤ var ≤ 1 or maybe -1000000 ≤ var ≤ 1000000).

Bounds are specified by selecting one or more variables (as range) on the left side and entering a numerical value (not a cell or a formula) on the right side. That way you can also choose one or more variables to be Integer or Binary only.

Related Topics

Solver Options

Solver Algorithms Options

Wiki page on solvers and their algorithms